英語(yǔ)中,，WHAT作代詞時(shí),，它不僅含義豐富,，而且其用法廣泛,。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，WHAT是一個(gè)萬(wàn)能代詞,，很值得英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者掌握,。下面從詞性功能的角度，簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納一下這一萬(wàn)能代詞的主要用法,。
一,、疑問(wèn)代詞WHAT
在在英語(yǔ)提問(wèn)中，疑問(wèn)代詞what有很多用法,。它在句子中可作主語(yǔ),、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),、定語(yǔ)等,；它既可以問(wèn)“身份、名字,、性質(zhì),、類別”，也可以問(wèn)“目的,、數(shù)量,、價(jià)值、效果”等,。疑問(wèn)代詞what相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)“什么”或“怎么樣”的意思,，其主要用法如下：
1．問(wèn)人或事物的特點(diǎn)。例如：
What is he like? [他人怎么樣�,�,？]
What kind of suit did she buy in town? [她在城里買的是怎樣的服裝？]
2．問(wèn)有關(guān)事物的數(shù)量,。例如：
What do you weigh? [你體重多少,？]
What did you pay for the dictionary? [這本詞典你花了多少錢？]
3．問(wèn)人的職業(yè)（工作性質(zhì)）或事物的性質(zhì)（特點(diǎn)）,。例如：
What is your father? [你父親是干什么的,？]
What is an engineer? [工程師是干什么的？]
What is the weather like in Beijing? [北京的天氣如何,？]
4．問(wèn)事物的內(nèi)容,。例如：
What is the latest news? [有什么最新的消息嗎？]
What would you like to buy? [你想要買點(diǎn)什么東西,？]
What is artificial intelligence? [什么叫做人工智能,？]
5．對(duì)一些抽象名詞提問(wèn)。例如：
What's your phone number? [你的電話號(hào)碼是多少？]
What's the price of the book? [這本書的價(jià)錢是多少,？]
6．對(duì)時(shí)間的提問(wèn),。例如：
What time is it? （= What's the time?）[現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？]
What's the date today? [今天幾號(hào),？]
What day is today? （= What day is it today?）[今天星期幾,？]
What month is it? [現(xiàn)在是幾月份？]
What comes after spring? [春季之后是哪個(gè)季節(jié),？]
7．問(wèn)姓名,、排號(hào)、尺寸,、顏色等,。例如：
What is your name? [你叫什么名字？]
What number are you? [你是幾號(hào)呢,？]
What size shoes do you take? [你穿幾號(hào)的鞋,？]
What color is your coat? [你的上衣是什么顏色？]
8．詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的看法,。例如：
What do you think of game shows? [你認(rèn)為游戲節(jié)目怎么樣,？]
What about something to drink? [來(lái)點(diǎn)喝的怎么樣？]
二,、關(guān)系代詞WHAT
關(guān)系代詞WHAT也有很多用法,。它可引起主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句,、表語(yǔ)從句等,；它沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)的含義,相當(dāng)于that、which,、the thing(s) that(which),或the…that(which),從句表示的是事物,。關(guān)系代詞WHAT在不同情況下有不同意思，其主要用法如下：
1．主語(yǔ)從句,。例如：
What is beautiful is not always good. [美的東西并不總是好的,。]
What happened after that was interesting. [后來(lái)發(fā)生的事挺有意思,。]
值得一提的是,，當(dāng)what引起主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)的形式比較復(fù)雜。中國(guó)著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家周海中先生在1985年發(fā)表的《關(guān)于what-分句作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題》一文中,，對(duì)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)的形式做了深入探究,。其中，周先生指出：當(dāng)主句的表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式,、動(dòng)詞V-ing和從句時(shí),，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式。他提供了以下的實(shí)例：
What he is suited for is to be loved. (J. Bayley: Shakespeare and Tragedy)
What we're doing is getting a chap used to getting up, going to work, learning how to behave in a workshop. (New Statesman, 15 June 1984)
What it comes down to is that the big cars are considered better buys. (U. S. News & World Report, January 18, 1982)
2．賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：
I could hardly believe what he had told me. [我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信他所告訴我的,。]
His mother gives him what he asks for. [他要什么他母親就給他什么,。]
3．表語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Books are what we need most. [書是我們最需要的東西,。]
He is not what he was five years ago. [他不再是五年前的他了,。]
（作者為英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)訪問(wèn)學(xué)者 林娜）（騰訊教育）
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