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2016-11-21 15:16 上傳
It is no secret that the Harry Potter series is heavily influenced by the classics。 JK Rowling studied Latin as a subsidiary subject at the University of Exeter,, and often draws upon classical myth,, rhetoric, and nomenclature in her writing,。 In particular, Rowling usually draws her magical words from classical Latin,, and many of the translations shed light on the effects (both magical and literary) of these incantations,。 To celebrate Rowling’s imminent birthday, let’s investigate the Latin behind these spells,, charms,, and curses。
《哈利波特》系列受古典文學(xué)的影響很深,,這一點(diǎn)人盡皆知,。J.K羅琳在愛(ài)賽特大學(xué)時(shí)輔修了拉丁文,而且經(jīng)常在她的寫(xiě)作中借鑒經(jīng)典的神話(huà),、修辭和命名法,。特別的是,羅琳經(jīng)常從古典拉丁文中提取她的魔法詞匯,,許多譯文都闡釋了這些咒語(yǔ)在魔法和文學(xué)層面的影響,。
Accio
飛來(lái)咒
This summoning spell literally means ‘I summon’ or ‘I fetch’。
這個(gè)召喚咒字面上表示“我召喚”或“我拿來(lái)”,。
Confundo
混淆咒
This spell,, used to confuse an opponent, literally means ‘I stir up’,, ‘I confuse’,,or ‘I bring an end to by upsetting。 The range of translations reflects the scope of the spell,, which can be used either to effect mild or fatal confusion,。
這個(gè)咒語(yǔ)用來(lái)混淆對(duì)手,字面意思為“我煽動(dòng)”,,“我使…迷惑”或“我終結(jié)了……”,。譯文的范圍反映了這個(gè)咒語(yǔ)的能力,它能產(chǎn)生的混淆能力可能溫和也可能致命,。
Crucio
鉆心咒
This translates as,, ‘I torture’。 This spell is used to cast the Cruciatus curse, a torturing spell that is one of the three unforgivable curses in Harry Potter,。
這個(gè)被譯為“我折磨”,。這個(gè)咒語(yǔ)用來(lái)施放使人痛苦的詛咒,一個(gè)折磨人的咒語(yǔ),,被認(rèn)為《哈利波特》里三大不可饒恕咒之一,。
Wingardium Leviosa
漂浮咒
This is a basic levitation charm。 The first word is a blend of the English ‘wing’ with a creative adaptation of the Latin comparative of arduus,, meaning ‘steep,。’ The second word also requires a stretch of linguistic imagination,, being an adaptation of the Latin levo,, meaning ‘I lift’。 There has been some disagreement as to the pronunciation of the spell,。
這是一個(gè)基本的漂浮咒,。第一個(gè)詞混合了英語(yǔ)單詞“翅膀”和拉丁語(yǔ)詞匯arduus比較級(jí)的創(chuàng)造性改編形式,arduus意為“陡峭的,,急劇的”,。第二個(gè)詞也需要一個(gè)引申義,“我舉起”,。這個(gè)咒語(yǔ)的讀音有一些分歧,。
Diffindo
四分五裂
A severing charm, which translates to the English ‘I split’,。
切割咒,,被譯作“我分裂了……”。
Expecto Patronum
呼神護(hù)衛(wèi)
One of the most important spells in the series,, it is used to summon a corporeal animal (called a patronus) as a sort of spirit-guardian against soul-sucking Dementors,。 Literally, it means ‘I wait for a patron’ or ‘I hope for a patron’,。 Patron is the closest single-word English translation of the Latin patronus,, which more generally means ‘a(chǎn)n influential person who has undertaken the protection of another’。 This spell is particularly resonant with Harry,, who,, having lost his father when he was a baby, spends much of the series seeking a patronus,。
《哈利波特》系列里最重要的咒語(yǔ)之一,,它用來(lái)召喚一只有形動(dòng)物(被稱(chēng)為守護(hù)神)作某種靈魂護(hù)衛(wèi),用來(lái)抵御攝魂怪,。字面上,,它表示“我等待一個(gè)保護(hù)者”或者“我期待一個(gè)保護(hù)者”,。保護(hù)者這個(gè)詞最接近拉丁文中的patronus,更常表示“一個(gè)有影響力的人擔(dān)負(fù)著保護(hù)另一個(gè)人的責(zé)任”,。這個(gè)咒語(yǔ)尤其能引起哈利的共鳴,,他在嬰兒時(shí)期失去了父親,在這本書(shū)里花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來(lái)尋找庇護(hù)自己的人,。
Expelliarmus
除你武器
A disarming charm,。 The word is a combination of the Latin expellere, meaning ‘to drive or force out’,, and arma,, meaning weapon。
一個(gè)解除武裝的咒語(yǔ),。這個(gè)單詞由拉丁語(yǔ)中意為“強(qiáng)制出局”的expellere和意為“武器”的arma兩個(gè)詞組合而成,。 |
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