微軟發(fā)布新操作系統(tǒng)Windows 10

點(diǎn)此解咒

　　Windows 10, the next version of Microsoft’s operating system, arrives on Wednesday, and it will have a familiar look and feel to the more than one billion people who have touched a Windows computer in the last two decades.
　　微軟的下一代操作系統(tǒng)Windows 10于本周三發(fā)布,，對(duì)于在過(guò)去二十年里使用過(guò)Windows操作系統(tǒng)的十多億人來(lái)說(shuō)，它將帶來(lái)熟悉的外觀和使用體驗(yàn),。

　　That is a stark change from the last time Microsoft made a big revision to its operating system, in 2012 with the release of Windows 8 — a release that didn’t go so well. Many customers were confused by the flurry of changes that were designed for so-called hybrid devices that doubled as PCs and tablets. Microsoft’s chief executive, Satya Nadella, said last year that the company “got a few places wrong in Windows 8.”
　　這和微軟上一次的操作系統(tǒng)全面升級(jí)有很大不同,，也就是2012年發(fā)布的Windows 8——那一版的下場(chǎng)不太好。它是為一種既是PC又是平板電腦的所謂混合型設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)的,，一系列的變化讓很多用戶摸不著頭腦,。微軟的首席執(zhí)行官薩蒂亞·納德拉(Satya Nadella)去年曾表示，微軟“在Windows 8的設(shè)計(jì)上犯了些錯(cuò)誤”,。

　　With Windows 10, Microsoft is offering something of a throwback to the earlier versions. The software also comes with an enticing price tag for users of Windows 7 and 8: free. But perhaps more than anything, there are a handful of new features that might make users consider making the switch.
　　Windows10重新回歸了早前幾個(gè)版本的一些特性,。而且對(duì)于Windows 7和Windows 8用戶來(lái)說(shuō)，它的價(jià)格也很誘人：免費(fèi),。但最重要的可能在于,，它還具備一些新特性，會(huì)促使用戶考慮升級(jí),。

　　The Trusty Start Button
　　“開(kāi)始”菜單回歸

　　Back is the classic Start button, the one-touch access to a main menu, including shortcuts to a user’s list of apps and documents. Like old times, it can be opened with the click of a mouse or by pressing the Windows shortcut on a keyboard. (The Start button was still available in Windows 8, but some users were confused because it was hidden from plain sight.)
　　一鍵點(diǎn)開(kāi)主菜單的開(kāi)始按鈕重返屏幕,，菜單中包括一個(gè)用戶的應(yīng)用和文檔快捷列表。和過(guò)去一樣,，點(diǎn)擊一下鼠標(biāo),，或者按一下鍵盤(pán)上的快捷鍵，就可以打開(kāi)主菜單,。（Windows 8中也有開(kāi)始按鈕,，但有些用戶搞不清怎么用,，因?yàn)樗�不是那么一目了然。�?/font>

　　Microsoft made efforts to modernize the Start menu with a fresh design. Clicking on the Start button brings up groups of tiles that can be tailored to your preferences. For example, I easily created a group of tiles labeled “Productivity” and pinned some of my most frequently used software for work, including apps for email, web browsing, Twitter, a calculator and Microsoft Word. Removing unwanted apps from the group is easy — you just choose to “unpin” the tile.
　　微軟試圖用新穎的設(shè)計(jì)讓開(kāi)始菜單更具現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格,。點(diǎn)擊開(kāi)始按鈕,，可以看到一組磁貼，用戶可以按自己的喜好隨意組合,。比如,，我很容易就創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)組標(biāo)簽為“生產(chǎn)力”的磁貼，把工作中最常用的一些軟件固定在了主菜單上,，包括用來(lái)查郵件和瀏覽網(wǎng)頁(yè)的應(yīng)用,、Twitter、計(jì)算器和微軟的文檔處理軟件Word,。刪除不想要的應(yīng)用也很簡(jiǎn)單,，只需選擇“取消固定”那個(gè)磁貼。

　　For long time Windows users, the more intimidating part to get used to will be tablet mode. With hybrid tablets, such as the Microsoft Surface, you can detach the keyboard from the screen and switch into a different software interface optimized for tablets. In tablet mode, apps consume the entire screen; the tiles of the Start section are enlarged to be easier to see and touch.
　　對(duì)Windows老用戶來(lái)說(shuō),，更讓人生畏的一點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)平板電腦模式,。使用諸如微軟Surface這樣的混合型平板電腦，你可以把鍵盤(pán)和屏幕分離開(kāi),，切換到一個(gè)不同的,、更能發(fā)揮平板電腦性能的界面。在平板電腦模式下,，應(yīng)用占據(jù)整個(gè)屏幕,，原先位于開(kāi)始菜單上的磁貼被放大，更容易看見(jiàn),，也更容易點(diǎn)擊,。

　　Fortunately, interacting with Windows 10 on a touch screen is generally the same as with most modern touch-enabled devices. Pinch outward to zoom in, swipe up to scroll down, swipe left to pan right. And even in tablet mode, the trusty Start menu remains there to remind you this is still Windows you’re dealing with.
　　幸好，在觸摸屏上使用Windows 10,，和在大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代觸摸屏設(shè)備上沒(méi)什么兩樣,。手指外撥以放大頁(yè)面，向上撥動(dòng)使頁(yè)面向下滾動(dòng),，向左撥動(dòng)使頁(yè)面向右平移,。而且在平板電腦模式下，屏幕上也保留著讓人安心的開(kāi)始按鈕,，提醒你還是在使用Windows操作系統(tǒng),。

　　A Virtual Assistant
　　虛擬助手
　　A new addition right next to the Start button is Cortana, Microsoft’s virtual assistant. A user can do a search by typing in a query or speaking a command into the microphone. Saying commands like “Remind me to buy milk on Tuesday” sets up a reminder notification that will alert you on that day, and “Schedule meeting tomorrow at 3 p.m.” creates an appointment in your calendar.
　　就在開(kāi)始按鈕旁邊，新增了微軟的虛擬助手Cortana,。用戶只要鍵入一個(gè)問(wèn)題,，或?qū)χ�麥克風(fēng)發(fā)出一個(gè)指令，就可以在設(shè)備上實(shí)現(xiàn)搜索功能,。說(shuō)出類(lèi)似“提醒我周二買(mǎi)牛奶”的指令,，手機(jī)會(huì)自動(dòng)設(shè)置一個(gè)提醒任務(wù),，然后在那天給你發(fā)出提醒。而發(fā)出“安排明天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)議”的指令,，日程表上會(huì)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建這一日程,。

　　On other questions, like finding a place to eat, Cortana often falls back to doing searches on Bing.com, Microsoft’s search engine, which is less proficient than Google’s search engine. In tests, Cortana generated mixed results. Asking Cortana to look up a place to eat nearby retrieved a list of Bing search results for the term “Find me places to eat nearby,” which included the website places-to-eat-near-me.com, as opposed to showing a list of restaurants. (By contrast, the same query on Siri, Apple’s virtual assistant, brought up Yelp listings of popular restaurants within half a mile from me here in San Francisco.)
　　對(duì)于其他問(wèn)題，比如尋找吃飯的地方,，Cortana通常會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)而在微軟開(kāi)發(fā)的搜索引擎Bing上進(jìn)行搜索,，而B(niǎo)ing沒(méi)有谷歌的搜索引擎那么精進(jìn)。在測(cè)試中,，Cortana給出的結(jié)果比較雜亂,。讓Cortana在附近找一個(gè)吃飯的地方,，得到的是在Bing上輸入“在附近找吃飯的地方”后出現(xiàn)的一系列搜索結(jié)果,，包括名為“附近吃飯的地方”的網(wǎng)站(places-to-eat-near-me.com)，而不是具體的餐館列表,。（相比之下,，在蘋(píng)果設(shè)備上問(wèn)其虛擬助手Siri同樣的問(wèn)題，會(huì)出現(xiàn)餐飲網(wǎng)站Yelp上距離我在舊金山所在方位半英里以內(nèi)最受歡迎的餐館列表,。）

　　On the other hand, Cortana did respond adequately to some other commands, like “Show me showtimes for ‘Trainwreck,’” which loaded a schedule of movie theaters showing the movie nearby.
　　但是,，Cortana對(duì)一些其他指令反應(yīng)的確足夠到位。比如提出“顯示《生活殘骸》(Trainwreck)的放映時(shí)間”這一要求,，它會(huì)顯示附近上映這部電影的幾個(gè)影院的時(shí)間表,。

　　A big hole in Cortana is the mobile phone experience. Cortana is built in to Windows phones and the problem is, you probably don’t own one. To date, Microsoft’s Windows Phone platform has 3.5 percent market share in the United States, according to Kantar Worldpanel.
　　Cortana的一大缺失在于其手機(jī)端的使用體驗(yàn)。Cortana是內(nèi)置在Windows手機(jī)上的,，問(wèn)題是你可能不用這個(gè)品牌的手機(jī),。凱度消費(fèi)者指數(shù)(Kantar Worldpanel)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，到目前為止,，微軟的Windows手機(jī)平臺(tái)在美國(guó)的市場(chǎng)占有量只有3.5％,。

　　Microsoft says that Cortana will eventually be available as an app on devices running Google’s Android and Apple’s iOS mobile software. For now, though, Cortana will primarily live on computers and tablets, limiting its usefulness.
　　微軟表示，Cortana最終會(huì)成為使用谷歌的Android系統(tǒng)和蘋(píng)果的iOS移動(dòng)操作系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備上也可以安裝的app,。但目前Cortana將主要在微軟的電腦端和平板電腦上使用,，其實(shí)際使用價(jià)值會(huì)比較有限。

　　It’s difficult to imagine that while on the go, people will yank a Windows tablet or computer out of their bag to ask Cortana to schedule a calendar appointment or create a reminder. In addition, the idea of using a voice assistant on a stationary computer in a typical office environment, where colleagues will overhear you over their cubicle walls yapping to Cortana, seems off-putting. As a result, in its current state, Cortana is a promising start, but it’s far less useful than its direct rivals, Siri and Google’s Now, which are widely available on smartphones worldwide.
　　很難想象,，人們會(huì)一邊走一邊從包里拿出個(gè)Windows平板電腦或筆記本,，讓Cortana在日程表上添加一個(gè)安排事項(xiàng)或創(chuàng)建一個(gè)提醒事項(xiàng)。而且,，想象自己在一個(gè)典型的辦公環(huán)境里,，對(duì)著一臺(tái)固定不動(dòng)的電腦使用語(yǔ)音助手，還有旁邊格子間的同事能聽(tīng)到你和Cortana的對(duì)話,，這場(chǎng)景還挺讓人倒胃口的,。結(jié)果就是,，在目前的狀態(tài)下，Cortana是個(gè)有希望的開(kāi)端,，但它遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有其直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手Siri和 Google Now那么有用,，后兩者在智能手機(jī)領(lǐng)域使用非常廣泛。

　　More Built-In Security
　　更多的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)嵌安全保護(hù)
　　Microsoft has made some bold promises about improvements to security in Windows 10. Chris Hallum, a senior product marketing manager for Microsoft, said in an interview that because of all the security enhancements in Windows 10, consumers and businesses won’t have to install additional security software to protect their machines. “We include a full-fledged antivirus solution in Windows,” he said.
　　微軟已經(jīng)就Windows 10的安全性能作出大膽承諾,。微軟高級(jí)產(chǎn)品營(yíng)銷(xiāo)經(jīng)理克里斯·哈盧姆(Chris Hallum)在一次接受采訪時(shí)表示,，因?yàn)閃indows 10在諸多方面大大提升了安全性能，消費(fèi)者和企業(yè)用戶將不再需要額外安裝安全軟件來(lái)保護(hù)自己的電腦,�,！癢indows系統(tǒng)中包含了一個(gè)成熟的防病毒方案，”他說(shuō),。

　　Microsoft has been including these deeper security features since Windows 8. But with Windows XP and Windows 7, far more popular versions of the software, it was practically a requirement to buy and install third-party antivirus software from McAfee or Norton, unless you wanted to be eaten alive by hackers.
　　自Windows 8開(kāi)始,，微軟就在操作系統(tǒng)中增加了更深層次的安全特性。但是,，用戶使用更加流行的Windows XP和Windows 7時(shí),，實(shí)際上還是需要從邁克菲(McAfee)或諾頓(Norton)購(gòu)買(mǎi)和安裝第三方防病毒軟件，除非你想被黑客生吞活剝,。

　　Mr. Hallum said Microsoft was taking a multifaceted approach to protecting user identities as well as blocking malicious software. For one, Microsoft Edge, the default browser in Windows 10, includes a feature called SmartScreen, which can identify malicious websites by scanning them for suspicious characteristics. The Edge browser also keeps some add-on software for the browser, like Adobe Flash, to safeguard you from the latest vulnerabilities. Another feature, Windows Defender, can identify potentially harmful software you’ve downloaded and warn you before you run it.
　　哈盧姆表示,，微軟正采用多種措施保護(hù)用戶的身份信息和阻擋惡意軟件。比如,，Windows 10的默認(rèn)瀏覽器微軟Edge包含一種叫智能屏的(SmartScreen)功能,，可以通過(guò)掃描網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容查找可疑特征，以辨別惡意網(wǎng)站,。Edge瀏覽器上還能安裝Adobe Flash等附加軟件以避免電腦受到新漏洞的傷害,。它的另一個(gè)功能Windows衛(wèi)士(Windows Defender)可以辨別你下載的潛在有害軟件，并在你運(yùn)行它之前發(fā)出警告,。

　　Are you really safe not installing additional antivirus software? As we should all know by now, almost all computer systems have some vulnerability. Still, Charlie Miller, a security researcher, said Windows 10’s security features should work as well as other antivirus software. He noted that Windows Defender had been a strong security program for some time.
　　不額外安裝防病毒軟件真的能足夠安全嗎,？以我們現(xiàn)有的認(rèn)知，幾乎所有電腦系統(tǒng)都會(huì)有一些漏洞,。但安全研究員查理·米勒(Charlie Miller)表示,，Windows 10的安全性應(yīng)該能夠和其他防病毒軟件相媲美。他指出,，Windows衛(wèi)士作為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的安全方案已經(jīng)存在有一段時(shí)間了,。

　　Beginning Wednesday, Microsoft will be releasing the operating system over the Internet in waves, starting with people who signed up to test early versions of the software as part of its “insiders” program. Later, Windows 7 and Windows 8 users who receive alerts notifying them of the upgrade will be able to download it.
　　從周三開(kāi)始，微軟將通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分批發(fā)布該操作系統(tǒng),。首先提供給之前曾報(bào)名參與測(cè)試該軟件早期版本的人,，這些人是其“內(nèi)部人”計(jì)劃的一部分。之后,，收到升級(jí)提醒的Windows 7和Windows 8用戶就可以下載它了,。

　　At the time of my testing, ahead of the public release of Windows 10, I encountered a number of bugs. To name just two examples: In one incident, Microsoft’s Edge browser blocked me for an entire night from using Google Mail, after mistakenly identifying it as a malicious website — though the next morning I was able to log in. I also had a frustrating time trying to compose a document inside Google Docs, when the Edge browser occasionally failed to detect when I was hitting the space bar; Microsoft confirmed it would fix the issue shortly after release.
　　在Windows 10正式發(fā)布之前的測(cè)試中,，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些毛病。任舉兩例：有一次微軟的Edge瀏覽器錯(cuò)誤地把Google Mail識(shí)別為惡意網(wǎng)站,，整整一晚上不給我用——不過(guò)第二天早上我成功登入了,。還有一次在Google Docs里寫(xiě)文檔，害我折騰了很久,，因?yàn)镋dge偶爾會(huì)無(wú)法識(shí)別到我敲出的空格,；微軟已經(jīng)確認(rèn)會(huì)在發(fā)布之后不久修正這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　Combine the early bugs with the spottiness of Cortana and the fact that third-party app developers are still updating their Windows apps for Windows 10, and the operating system still has a little ways to go before it becomes a solid all-around upgrade. But the improvements to security, along with the familiar
　　

　　user interface, should be reasons to grab this upgrade sooner than later (especially if you’re on Windows 7 and lacking up-to-date security tools). The upgrade will be free for up to a year — after that, Microsoft may begin charging for it.
　　結(jié)合早期的這些毛病以及Cortana的不穩(wěn)定,，還有第三方應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)者還沒(méi)完成向Windows 10的兼容,，這個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)要實(shí)現(xiàn)一次穩(wěn)定而全面的升級(jí)尚需些時(shí)日。但是安全方面的改進(jìn),，以及讓用戶覺(jué)得熟悉的界面,，會(huì)促使人們盡早去獲取此次更新（尤其是如果你用的是Windows 7，缺乏最新的安全工具）,。更新在未來(lái)一年里是免費(fèi)的——此后微軟可能會(huì)開(kāi)始收費(fèi),。

　　For to-be switchers, Microsoft offers a web tool where users can check if their apps are compatible with Windows 10 before making the switch. If you’re eager to get in line for an upgrade, you can reserve a download on Microsoft’s website.
　　微軟為有意更新的用戶準(zhǔn)備了一個(gè)Web工具,，用戶可以在更新前,，先到上面檢查他們的應(yīng)用是否兼容Windows 10。如果你急著想得到更新,，可以在微軟的網(wǎng)站上預(yù)訂下載,。

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