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忘詞,是我們都經歷過的事件,。尤其在高考作文中,,詞匯量不足是影響成績的一個重要因素。一個意思往往因為一個單詞不會而表達不清,,一個好的句子也會因為一個詞匯想不起來而不能完成,。如何應付這種情況使作文順利進行下去?
1.試用籠統詞 英語語言中籠統詞有have, take等,籠統詞的重要特點在于意義廣泛,,搭配性強,,構成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達一個動作,,卻能大致表達意思,。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候,,用這些籠統詞取代,也能收到異曲同工的效果,。 例如:我經歷了一個極其艱苦的時代,。 i experienced a terrible hard time。 這一句中,,experience被遺忘時,,用have代替,成為:i had a terrible hard time,。 其效果及表達的意義決不亞于第一句。這樣的例子還很多,。如 do you understand my meaning, sir? = do you take my meaning,sir? i will preside over the meeting. = i will take themeeting. i will subscribe to the local newspaper. = i will take the localnewspaper,。 they occupied the city. = they took the city。 the boy resembles his father. = the boy takes after hisfather,。 從以上的例句不難看出,,具體詞音節(jié)較多,使用頻率不高,,容易遺忘,,而籠統詞則不然。因此,,在作文應試中,,籠統詞取代具體詞,不失為一種應急良策,。 2.聯想有關詞匯 當遺忘產生時,,或遇到未曾學過的詞時,應采取放射性思維,,發(fā)揮想象力,,想出一切與之有關的單詞,利用語言的內在聯系,,多層次,,多角度地運用語言。一般情況下,,聯想可按下列思路進行:1聯想同義詞;2聯想反義詞,。 英語語言中眾多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的。利用這一規(guī)律,,由于某個單詞受阻而影響全篇寫作的情況便不會出現,。試看下列句子: i had a nightmare last night. = i had a bad dream last night。 nightmare 使用頻率不太高,,因此不太好記,。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記,。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。再比如:i don‘t understand this word,。 也可以說成 i don’t know this word,。
另外: he is stupid. = he is foolish. = he is a fool. = he is silly。 the food is delicious. = the food is tasty. = the food is nice to eat,。 they discontinued the work at five. = they stopped the work at five,。 his temper is nasty. = his temper is terrible. = he has a badtemper。 英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯系的,,詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現象即所謂的同義詞,。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。 同樣,,用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的,,請看下面的例子: he is stubborn. = he is not tame。 the knife is blunt. = the knife is not sharp,。 this is expensive. = this is not cheap,。 she is talkative. = she is never quiet。 3.試用解釋性語句 語言的功能在于表達,,而表達的方式是多種多樣的,。當一個詞影響到可以溝通。英語當中多功能解釋性語句,,就可以起到這一作用,。請看下面的句子: he is a dumb. = he is a person who can not speak。 he refused. = he said “no”,。 i've never seen such a stubborn person. = i’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other's advice,。 解釋性語句能幫助我們巧妙地避開一些大詞,難詞,,又能使意思表達流暢,,不失為一聰明之舉。 就考試而言,,碰到難詞或遺忘詞時,,過分地把時間花在“鉆牛角尖”上是不明智的,而應該采取靈活的思維方法,、迂回的戰(zhàn)術,,運用簡單、易記的詞匯及表達方式,,從而能夠運用有限的詞匯作出美妙的文章,,輕松自如地駕馭語言,把握時機,,以聰明克服缺陷,,以機智靈巧克服學究式的笨拙,,以少勝多,最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛能,。 |