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忘詞,是我們都經(jīng)歷過(guò)的事件。尤其在高考作文中,,詞匯量不足是影響成績(jī)的一個(gè)重要因素,。一個(gè)意思往往因?yàn)橐粋(gè)單詞不會(huì)而表達(dá)不清,一個(gè)好的句子也會(huì)因?yàn)橐粋(gè)詞匯想不起來(lái)而不能完成,。如何應(yīng)付這種情況使作文順利進(jìn)行下去?
1.試用籠統(tǒng)詞 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中籠統(tǒng)詞有have, take等,,籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點(diǎn)在于意義廣泛,搭配性強(qiáng),,構(gòu)成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動(dòng)詞,。雖然不能精確表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作,卻能大致表達(dá)意思,。在一些具體動(dòng)詞寫不出來(lái)的時(shí)候,,用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代,也能收到異曲同工的效果,。 例如:我經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)極其艱苦的時(shí)代,。 i experienced a terrible hard time。 這一句中,,experience被遺忘時(shí),,用have代替,成為:i had a terrible hard time,。 其效果及表達(dá)的意義決不亞于第一句,。這樣的例子還很多。如 do you understand my meaning, sir? = do you take my meaning,sir? i will preside over the meeting. = i will take themeeting. i will subscribe to the local newspaper. = i will take the localnewspaper,。 they occupied the city. = they took the city,。 the boy resembles his father. = the boy takes after hisfather。 從以上的例句不難看出,,具體詞音節(jié)較多,,使用頻率不高,容易遺忘,,而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然,。因此,在作文應(yīng)試中,,籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞,,不失為一種應(yīng)急良策。 2.聯(lián)想有關(guān)詞匯 當(dāng)遺忘產(chǎn)生時(shí),,或遇到未曾學(xué)過(guò)的詞時(shí),,應(yīng)采取放射性思維,發(fā)揮想象力,,想出一切與之有關(guān)的單詞,,利用語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,,多層次,多角度地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言,。一般情況下,,聯(lián)想可按下列思路進(jìn)行:1聯(lián)想同義詞;2聯(lián)想反義詞。 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中眾多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的,。利用這一規(guī)律,,由于某個(gè)單詞受阻而影響全篇寫作的情況便不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。試看下列句子: i had a nightmare last night. = i had a bad dream last night,。 nightmare 使用頻率不太高,,因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記,。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義,。再比如:i don‘t understand this word。 也可以說(shuō)成 i don’t know this word,。
另外: he is stupid. = he is foolish. = he is a fool. = he is silly,。 the food is delicious. = the food is tasty. = the food is nice to eat。 they discontinued the work at five. = they stopped the work at five,。 his temper is nasty. = his temper is terrible. = he has a badtemper。 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的,,詞與詞之間語(yǔ)義的“共核”現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞,。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。 同樣,,用其反義詞來(lái)取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的,,請(qǐng)看下面的例子: he is stubborn. = he is not tame。 the knife is blunt. = the knife is not sharp,。 this is expensive. = this is not cheap,。 she is talkative. = she is never quiet。 3.試用解釋性語(yǔ)句 語(yǔ)言的功能在于表達(dá),,而表達(dá)的方式是多種多樣的,。當(dāng)一個(gè)詞影響到可以溝通。英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中多功能解釋性語(yǔ)句,,就可以起到這一作用,。請(qǐng)看下面的句子: he is a dumb. = he is a person who can not speak。 he refused. = he said “no”,。 i've never seen such a stubborn person. = i’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other's advice,。 解釋性語(yǔ)句能幫助我們巧妙地避開(kāi)一些大詞,難詞,,又能使意思表達(dá)流暢,,不失為一聰明之舉。 就考試而言,碰到難詞或遺忘詞時(shí),,過(guò)分地把時(shí)間花在“鉆牛角尖”上是不明智的,,而應(yīng)該采取靈活的思維方法、迂回的戰(zhàn)術(shù),,運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單,、易記的詞匯及表達(dá)方式,從而能夠運(yùn)用有限的詞匯作出美妙的文章,,輕松自如地駕馭語(yǔ)言,,把握時(shí)機(jī),以聰明克服缺陷,,以機(jī)智靈巧克服學(xué)究式的笨拙,,以少勝多,最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛能,。 |