7.用作及物動詞的短語動詞(如“動詞＋介詞”、“動詞＋副詞”,、“動詞＋名詞＋介詞”等),，一般不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài),。例如：

（20a）We agreed with him.

（20p）*He was agreed with by us.

（21a）He broke in on our conversation.

（21p）*Our conversation was broken in on by him.

這種短語動詞還有admit of, belong to, give up on, join hands with, keep company with, set foot on, take example by, walk into等。

但有些短語動詞也可以用于被動語態(tài),；這時要把它們看作一個整體,，不能分開，其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略：

（22p）The meeting will be put off till Friday.

（23p）The children are taken good care of by the teacher.

8.動詞和賓語的關(guān)系密不可分,構(gòu)成固定的動賓短語(或習語)時, 不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài),。例如：

（24a）The accident took place last week.

（24p）*Place was taken by the accident last week.

這種固定的動賓短語不少,如change color, do good, give way, keep sentry, kill time, lose heart, make a face, run a risk, set sail, take effect等,。

二、不能轉(zhuǎn)換為主動語態(tài)的幾種情況

同樣,被動句也并不意味著一定要有一個相對應的主動句不可, 有時被動語態(tài)不能轉(zhuǎn)換為主動語態(tài),。這主要有下列幾種情況：

1.中國著名學者周海中先生在1986年發(fā)表的《英語語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換簡論》（下篇）一文中指出,某些句子結(jié)構(gòu)習慣上只用被動語態(tài),這時就不能轉(zhuǎn)換為主動語態(tài),。例如：

（25）She was confined on the 20th.

（26）All bodies are made up of atoms.

(27)My advice was thrown away upon him.

(28)The old man’s race of life was nearly run.

這種被動結(jié)構(gòu)還有be alleged, be bound up with, be done up, be grown over, be knocked up, be held up, be inclined, be lost on, be obliged to, be posted, be rumored to, be said to, be transported, be wound up等。

2.以代詞it作形式主語的被動句,，一般不能轉(zhuǎn)換為主動句,。例如：

（29）It is known that sound is a form of energy.

（30）It was rumored that the confidential documents had been found.

（31）It is observed that the situation of the country is getting better and better.

3.當被動句的施動者沒有表示出來時,不能轉(zhuǎn)換為主動句。例如：

（32）Albert Einstein was born in 1879.

（33）Manfred was killed in the Second World War.

如果改成主動句時加上一個施動者(如they, someone等),就會有損原句的意思,。

（作者為英國倫敦大學博士后 黃靜妍  騰訊教育）