The findings, published in the journal Science, showed that the strains in circulation early in life - most people have had flu by the age of five - have a profound impact on which types of flu they would be more sensitive to in the future.
該研究發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上，結(jié)果顯示（大多數(shù)人五歲前得過流感）在人們兒時(shí)傳播的流感很大程度影響了他們未來對(duì)哪類流感更為敏感,。

"The (first virus you encounter) seems to set you up for life to be quite good at protecting yourself, not just against that particular virus, but also close cousins of that virus," said Worobey.
伍羅貝稱,，“你感染的第一種流感病毒似乎不僅能使你對(duì)其終身免疫，也能抵御其他類似病毒,�,！�

The scientists also studied two bird flu viruses, H5N1 (belonging to the type 1 branch) and H7N9 (type 2), each of which already has caused hundreds of cases of severe illness or death in humans. Scientists are concerned that in the future either of these strains could gain mutations that allow them to not only jump from birds into humans, but also spread rapidly between people, triggering a deadly pandemic.
科學(xué)家們對(duì)H5N1型（屬于1型分支）和H7N9型（2型）禽流感病毒進(jìn)行了研究，目前已有數(shù)百人因此患重病或死亡,�,？茖W(xué)家們擔(dān)心，這類病菌未來可能發(fā)生突變,，不僅能通過禽類傳染給人類還可在人類之間迅速傳播,，導(dǎo)致致命流感大面積傳播。

They found that if a person's first flu infection belonged to the same branch as the avian strain, they had a 75% reduced chance of hospitalisation and about an 85% smaller chance of dying.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，如果一個(gè)人首次感染的流感病毒與禽流感病毒同屬一個(gè)分支,，那么他們住院治療的幾率能減少75%，且死亡幾率減少85%,。

The findings explain the surprising observation that H5N1 tends to cause far more mortalities in younger people - contrary to what might be expected, while H7N9 tends to be most devastating in the elderly population.
研究結(jié)果說明,，H5N1病毒在年輕人中的致死率更高，這一驚人發(fā)現(xiàn)與人們的預(yù)測(cè)恰恰相反,，而H7N9病毒通常對(duì)老年人殺傷力更強(qiáng),。

"We're not a completely blank slate when it comes to how susceptible we are to these emerging flu viruses," said Worobey. "Even if we've never been exposed to H5 or H7 viruses, we have some kick-ass protection against one or the other."
“我們對(duì)這些新興流感病毒并非完全沒有抵抗力。即使從沒有接觸過H5或H7型流感病毒,，我們也對(duì)其中一種有強(qiáng)大的抵抗力,。”

This happens, he said, because when a person is infected by flu, their original antibodies are woken up as the body's first line of defence, meaning if they are poorly-matched they will be less efficient at attacking the virus.
他說,，之所以會(huì)這樣是因?yàn)楫?dāng)人們感染流感時(shí),，其原始抗體作為身體的第一道防線會(huì)被喚醒,，這意味著如果抗體與病毒不匹配，那么對(duì)病毒的攻擊便不太有效,。

Previously, people had put these patterns down to younger people being more likely to encounter birds, or the virus being more aggressive in elderly people.
過去人們認(rèn)為,，發(fā)生上述模式是因?yàn)槟贻p人更容易感染禽流感，或禽流病毒對(duì)老年人的攻擊力更強(qiáng),。

The scientists said it was not yet clear whether current childhood flu vaccines - which tend to involve components from both branches - would mean in future children would have higher protection against flus of both types.
科學(xué)家們稱,，尚不清楚當(dāng)下常包含兩種流感病毒免疫成分的兒童流感疫苗是否意味著孩子們將來對(duì)兩種類型的流感具有較強(qiáng)的抵抗力。

Vocabulary
pandemic:(疾病)流行性的,；傳染于(全國,、全洲、全世界)的
susceptible: 易受感染的
英文來源：衛(wèi)報(bào)
翻譯：董靜（中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)）