萬萬沒想到：這些不同語言的祖先都是英語,！

冬咚

English has morphedinto several other languages all over the world.

英語已經(jīng)演變成世界各地好幾門其它語言。

Languages are ever changing, mixing and mutating, and sometimes they give birth to new ones.Three important factors linguists have identified in languages giving birth to other languages are time, separation, and contact.

語言一直在變,，有混合,、有演變，有時候還會產(chǎn)生新的語言,。語言學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)語言產(chǎn)生語言的三大因素為時間,、分離和聯(lián)系。

All languages change with time, as speakers innovate and economise.This does not quickly make a new language, but it can over time.

所有語言都隨時代而變,，說語言時人們精簡話語,、有所創(chuàng)新。語言不是一蹴而就的,，需要時間,。

Separation– geographical distance, cultural divergence, political independence – helps give a changed version of a language an independent identity.

分離，即地理上的距離,、文化分化和政治獨立,，給了語言獨立的省份。

Contact with other languages is a very important force: mutualinfluence leads to borrowing of words and even grammatical structures.

和其它語言的交流也是很重要的因素：相互影響引發(fā)借用其它語言的詞匯,、乃至語法結(jié)構(gòu),。

Sometimes a simplified version is created for the purposes of trade, often using simplified grammar mainly from one language and adaptedwords from mainly from the other.

有時候，出于貿(mào)易的目的創(chuàng)造了簡化版語言,，通常用簡化一門語言的語法,，又從另一門語言借鑒改裝了幾個詞,。

Which languages will be to English as French and Italian are to Latin?

那么如同法語、意大利語和拉丁語的關(guān)系,，哪些語言和英語有這般關(guān)系呢?

Tok Pisin

新美拉尼西亞語

Tok Pisin is an official language of Papua New Guinea and has about 120,000 native speakers and some 4 million second-language speakers. Tok Pisin began as a pidgin based on English with influence from German, Portuguese, and several Austronesian languages, but it gained native speakers who more fully elaborated it and made it a creole.

新美拉尼西亞語是巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞獨立國的官方語言,，有12萬人以此為母語，有4百萬人以此為第二語言,。新美拉尼西亞語一開始受德語,、葡萄牙語和其它幾門奧斯特羅尼西亞語言影響，是一門語言大雜燴,，但以新美拉尼西亞語為母語的人多了,，改良了語言，形成了克里奧語,。

Pitkern

皮特肯語

The isolation of Pitcairn in the South Pacific and the mixture of people there made it a natural breeding ground for a distinct language, Pitkern.

皮特克恩地處南太平洋,，偏居一隅，人群混雜,，自然而然形成了別具一格的皮特肯語,。

Gullah

嘎勒英語

Gullah is a creole based on English and West African languages, and it is spoken by some 250,000 people – mostly descendants of slaves – along the south-east coast of the US.

嘎勒英語是以英語和西非語言為基礎(chǔ)的克里奧語，有25萬人說嘎勒英語,，多為奴隸的后代,。

Sranan

斯拉南語

Sranan, spoken in Suriname, has an English base with vocabulary from Portuguese, Dutch, and West African languages.

蘇里南共和國說斯拉南語，以英語為基礎(chǔ),，詞匯來自葡萄牙語,、荷蘭語和西非語言。

Singlish

新加坡英語

Singlish arose in the past century from the mixing of many different language groups within an English school system.

新加坡英語上一世紀(jì)興起,，混集了英語學(xué)校體系中多種語系,。（BBC）