萬(wàn)萬(wàn)沒(méi)想到：這些不同語(yǔ)言的祖先都是英語(yǔ)！

冬咚

English has morphedinto several other languages all over the world.

英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)演變成世界各地好幾門(mén)其它語(yǔ)言,。

Languages are ever changing, mixing and mutating, and sometimes they give birth to new ones.Three important factors linguists have identified in languages giving birth to other languages are time, separation, and contact.

語(yǔ)言一直在變，有混合,、有演變,，有時(shí)候還會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的語(yǔ)言。語(yǔ)言學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生語(yǔ)言的三大因素為時(shí)間,、分離和聯(lián)系,。

All languages change with time, as speakers innovate and economise.This does not quickly make a new language, but it can over time.

所有語(yǔ)言都隨時(shí)代而變，說(shuō)語(yǔ)言時(shí)人們精簡(jiǎn)話(huà)語(yǔ),、有所創(chuàng)新,。語(yǔ)言不是一蹴而就的，需要時(shí)間,。

Separation– geographical distance, cultural divergence, political independence – helps give a changed version of a language an independent identity.

分離,，即地理上的距離、文化分化和政治獨(dú)立,，給了語(yǔ)言獨(dú)立的省份,。

Contact with other languages is a very important force: mutualinfluence leads to borrowing of words and even grammatical structures.

和其它語(yǔ)言的交流也是很重要的因素：相互影響引發(fā)借用其它語(yǔ)言的詞匯、乃至語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),。

Sometimes a simplified version is created for the purposes of trade, often using simplified grammar mainly from one language and adaptedwords from mainly from the other.

有時(shí)候,，出于貿(mào)易的目的創(chuàng)造了簡(jiǎn)化版語(yǔ)言，通常用簡(jiǎn)化一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法,，又從另一門(mén)語(yǔ)言借鑒改裝了幾個(gè)詞,。

Which languages will be to English as French and Italian are to Latin?

那么如同法語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)和拉丁語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,，哪些語(yǔ)言和英語(yǔ)有這般關(guān)系呢?

Tok Pisin

新美拉尼西亞語(yǔ)

Tok Pisin is an official language of Papua New Guinea and has about 120,000 native speakers and some 4 million second-language speakers. Tok Pisin began as a pidgin based on English with influence from German, Portuguese, and several Austronesian languages, but it gained native speakers who more fully elaborated it and made it a creole.

新美拉尼西亞語(yǔ)是巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞獨(dú)立國(guó)的官方語(yǔ)言,，有12萬(wàn)人以此為母語(yǔ)，有4百萬(wàn)人以此為第二語(yǔ)言,。新美拉尼西亞語(yǔ)一開(kāi)始受德語(yǔ),、葡萄牙語(yǔ)和其它幾門(mén)奧斯特羅尼西亞語(yǔ)言影響,，是一門(mén)語(yǔ)言大雜燴，但以新美拉尼西亞語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人多了,，改良了語(yǔ)言,，形成了克里奧語(yǔ)。

Pitkern

皮特肯語(yǔ)

The isolation of Pitcairn in the South Pacific and the mixture of people there made it a natural breeding ground for a distinct language, Pitkern.

皮特克恩地處南太平洋,，偏居一隅,，人群混雜，自然而然形成了別具一格的皮特肯語(yǔ),。

Gullah

嘎勒英語(yǔ)

Gullah is a creole based on English and West African languages, and it is spoken by some 250,000 people – mostly descendants of slaves – along the south-east coast of the US.

嘎勒英語(yǔ)是以英語(yǔ)和西非語(yǔ)言為基礎(chǔ)的克里奧語(yǔ),，有25萬(wàn)人說(shuō)嘎勒英語(yǔ)，多為奴隸的后代,。

Sranan

斯拉南語(yǔ)

Sranan, spoken in Suriname, has an English base with vocabulary from Portuguese, Dutch, and West African languages.

蘇里南共和國(guó)說(shuō)斯拉南語(yǔ),，以英語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)，詞匯來(lái)自葡萄牙語(yǔ),、荷蘭語(yǔ)和西非語(yǔ)言,。

Singlish

新加坡英語(yǔ)

Singlish arose in the past century from the mixing of many different language groups within an English school system.

新加坡英語(yǔ)上一世紀(jì)興起，混集了英語(yǔ)學(xué)校體系中多種語(yǔ)系,。（BBC）