死亡 我們中國(guó)人通常都很忌諱說(shuō)"死"這個(gè)字,古代按照等級(jí)的劃分有"天子死曰崩,,諸侯死曰薨,,大夫死曰卒,士曰不祿,,庶人曰死"的說(shuō)法,,現(xiàn)在我們會(huì)說(shuō)一個(gè)人"離開了我們"、"走了"等,。英語(yǔ)同樣忌言"死",,雖然有die這個(gè)詞,但口語(yǔ)中人們一般不用 die來(lái)直說(shuō)死亡,。 pass away和pass on都是暗指過(guò)世,。例:Sadly, Georgia's uncle passed away yesterday after a short illness(真?zhèn)模瑔讨蝸喌氖迨遄蛱斓昧艘粓?chǎng)急病去世了),;I'm sorry to learn that your dear mother has just passed on(很遺憾聽到你媽媽剛剛?cè)ナ赖南?,。 lose one's life一般指由于意外事故、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等不可抗力而造成的死亡,,為意外死亡,。例:How did he lose his life(他是怎么死的)? depart也是死亡的委婉說(shuō)法,,主要用于短語(yǔ)depart this life/depart this earth,,意思是靈魂離開了肉體的存在去往另一個(gè)世界了,。例:He departed this world with a sense of having fulfilled his destiny(他帶著一種已完成使命的滿足感離開了這個(gè)世界)。 expire的意思是呼氣,,這里引申為呼出最后一口氣,,暗指死亡。例:The patient expired early this morning(這位病人今天早晨去世了),。 perish多指非自然死亡,。例:Many soldiers perish in battle(很多士兵死于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))。 go to meet one's Maker也是死亡的委婉說(shuō)法,,注意這里Maker要大寫,,是造物主的意思,去見造物主了就是死了,。例:He knew that he came into the world with nothing and that he would go to meet his Maker with empty hands(他知道他是一無(wú)所有地來(lái)到世上,,也將會(huì)兩手空空地離開人間)。 其他英語(yǔ)中常用的"過(guò)世"的委婉說(shuō)法還有: His time has come. He has climbed the golden staircase. He is sleeping the final sleep. He is resting in peace. He has breathed his last. He answered the last number. He has joined the angels. 英語(yǔ)的委婉,,你懂嗎?
懷孕 英語(yǔ)中直接表達(dá)懷孕的詞是pregnant,,不過(guò)在大多數(shù)情況下,對(duì)于女性"懷孕"也不會(huì)直接說(shuō)"pregnant"這個(gè)字,,而是繞著彎子說(shuō),,好比中文里我們用"有了"來(lái)指代"懷孕"。 英語(yǔ)里談到懷孕可以這樣說(shuō):She is "expecting"(她在"待產(chǎn)"中),;She is "in a delicate condition"(她正"懷孕中"),;She is "well-along"(她"心滿意足");She is about to have a "blessed event"(她不久會(huì)有"喜事");She is about to be "in a family way"(她不久就要走向"家庭之路"),;She is six months gone(她已有六個(gè)月的身孕),;She has a bun in the oven(她身懷六甲)。 還可以使用這些表達(dá): a mother-to-be eating for two lady-in-waiting to have a hump in the front to have one on the way to learn all about diaper folding to wear the apron high waiting for the patter of little feet with child (注意:沒(méi)有冠詞) 另外,,雖然同是"懷孕", 但未婚的女性在不希望的情形下懷孕時(shí),,就說(shuō):She is "in trouble"(她"有了麻煩"),。
內(nèi)急 直接說(shuō)"我要上廁所"似乎也沒(méi)什么,但總讓人覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)不夠文雅,,尤其是對(duì)女生來(lái)說(shuō),。在中文里,我們有不少這方面的委婉說(shuō)法,,比如"方便一下",,"去洗手間"等等,在英文中,,這類委婉語(yǔ)也是很多的,。 比如,,to wash one's hand(去洗手或凈手)、to powder one's nose(給鼻子搽粉,,女士用語(yǔ)),、to spend a penny(花一個(gè)便士)、to go and see one's aunt(去見阿姨),、to pay a call(拜訪),、to relieve or to relieve nature(去空身)、to go somewhere(到什么地方去一下),、to answer the call of nature or to answer nature's call(響應(yīng)自然的召喚),、to have a BM(=bowel movement大便)等。在一個(gè)聚會(huì)或其他活動(dòng)中,,還可以用Will you excuse me for a few minutes?(請(qǐng)讓我離開一會(huì)兒好嗎,?)學(xué)生上著課要去廁所,也可以說(shuō)May I be excused?(我可以離開嗎,?)有時(shí)個(gè)別年紀(jì)大的女士在這種情況下還會(huì)說(shuō):I need to make a pit stop,。其實(shí)pit stop是指在賽車過(guò)程中,賽車在途中緊急停留加油,、維修的地方,。看來(lái),,她們肯定將解決問(wèn)題看作是一種"緊急維修"了,。
大姨媽 漢語(yǔ)中女人來(lái)月經(jīng)有很多委婉表達(dá),比如,,來(lái)例假了,,大姨媽來(lái)了,好朋友來(lái)了,。英語(yǔ)中月經(jīng)也有很多委婉說(shuō)法,,其中還有個(gè)說(shuō)法和中文中的"大姨媽來(lái)了"很像,Aunt Flo's in town (弗洛姨媽來(lái)城里啦),,這里Flo玩了個(gè)文字游戲,,暗指flow,也就是每個(gè)月的"流血事件",。其他委婉說(shuō)法還有:The Curse (詛咒),,Girl Time (女孩時(shí)間), Lady Days (女性日子),,My Monthly (我的月事兒),,My Little Visitor (我的小客人)以及That Time of the Month (每個(gè)月那幾天)。男性經(jīng)常粗魯?shù)胤Q處于生理期的女性正在On the Rag (戴著破布),。(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)) |