不借助測(cè)謊儀 四招辨別說(shuō)謊者

寂靜的咖啡壺

The four ways to tell if someone is lying to you - without resorting to a polygraph test

If you suspect someone isn't being totally honest, listen carefully to what they're saying and how - you might spot one of these four signs.
如果你懷疑某人并沒(méi)有完全在說(shuō)實(shí)話，請(qǐng)小心留意其說(shuō)話內(nèi)容和方式——你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)以下四種跡象之一,。

If you suspect someone is lying about something, try to look for these signs

What was the last lie you told? If your answer is along the lines of 'so long ago, I can't remember', that's most likely a big fib - because we lie up to 200 times a day!
你上一次說(shuō)了什么謊？如果你的回答是類似“太久啦,，我不記得了”,，這可能就是個(gè)謊言——因?yàn)槲覀兠刻煺f(shuō)謊最多可達(dá)200次！

This isn't to say you're a shady Machiavellian character. Often the lies we tell are along the lines of "I'm fine" when someone asks how you are.
這并不是說(shuō)你是個(gè)陰暗的不擇手段的人物,。很多時(shí)候我們說(shuō)的謊是類似有人問(wèn)你過(guò)得怎么樣,，你回答“挺好的”這種。

Our motivation isn't necessarily to deceive or cover up our tracks. According to Lifehacker , we lie predominantly because "we want to connect ourselves to who we think we should be."
我們的動(dòng)機(jī)并不一定是欺騙或掩蓋自己的行為,。根據(jù)生活類科技博客“生活駭客”（Lifehacker）的說(shuō)法，我們說(shuō)謊主要因?yàn)椤跋氚颜鎸?shí)的自己和我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)成為的自己聯(lián)系起來(lái)”,。

But if we're churning out the lies, it means others are too. And while some are innocuous and will have no impact on our life, there's a chance some will.
但如果我們自己大量撒謊,，就表示別人也在這么做。且盡管有些謊言無(wú)傷大雅,，對(duì)生活也毫無(wú)影響,，有些卻不然。

Short of forcing someone to take a polygraph test, there are four indicators.
雖然不能強(qiáng)制別人做測(cè)謊測(cè)試,，但有四種說(shuō)謊跡象,。

So, how to spot a liar?
那么，怎樣辨別說(shuō)謊者呢,？

1. Third person
1. 第三人稱

You can't always have a polygraph machine to hand

Someone who's lying will try to keep the self-references to a bare minimum.
說(shuō)謊者會(huì)試圖將自我指涉減到最低,。

They use the third-person as a means of distancing themselves from the deception.
他們運(yùn)用第三人稱，使自己看起來(lái)沒(méi)有在欺騙別人,。

So, for example, instead of saying "I didn't do it" they might say "that didn't happen".
比如他們可能說(shuō)“那并沒(méi)有發(fā)生”,，而不是“我沒(méi)有做那件事”。

寂靜的咖啡壺

2. Being negative
2. 消極表述

Listen out for the sort of language someone you suspect is lying is using.
仔細(xì)聽(tīng)你懷疑在說(shuō)謊的人使用的語(yǔ)言類型,。

If they're using negative language, that's a good indicator as liars express a lot of negativity because they subconsciously feel bad about lying.
如果他們?cè)谑褂孟麡O的語(yǔ)言,，就是很好的暗示。說(shuō)謊者常用許多消極表達(dá),，因?yàn)闈撘庾R(shí)里他們對(duì)撒謊行為感到慚愧,。

3. Keeping it simple
3. 簡(jiǎn)單化表述

Because it's difficult for liars to come up with a complex story on the spot, they often offer simplified stories, with no nuance.
因?yàn)閷?duì)說(shuō)謊者而言，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)編出復(fù)雜故事挺困難的,，他們會(huì)經(jīng)常講些缺乏細(xì)節(jié)的簡(jiǎn)單化故事,。

Watch out for generalised and over-simplified terms explanations.
請(qǐng)留意概括的、過(guò)分簡(jiǎn)單的解釋說(shuō)明,。

4. Overly-complex phrasing
4. 過(guò)分復(fù)雜的措辭

But, somewhat confusingly, although their stories, excuses and explanations are simple, the phrases they use tend to waffle and go on a bit.
然而,，有些令人不解的是，盡管說(shuō)謊者的故事,、借口或解釋很簡(jiǎn)單,，他們使用的措辭卻往往含混又有些冗長(zhǎng),。

Keep and ear out for complex and disjointed sentences with unnecessary detail - it's a good sign they're telling porkies.
請(qǐng)密切注意復(fù)雜、雜亂又帶有不必要細(xì)節(jié)的句子——這是他們?cè)谡f(shuō)謊的跡象,。

Vocabulary

along the lines of: 類似
disjointed: 雜亂的

英文來(lái)源：每日鏡報(bào)
翻譯：實(shí)習(xí)生徐曉彤
編審：yaning（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)）