英語(yǔ)萬(wàn)能代詞WHAT的主要用法你知道多少,？

奔跑的理想

英語(yǔ)中,，WHAT作代詞時(shí)，它不僅含義豐富,，而且其用法廣泛,。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，WHAT是一個(gè)萬(wàn)能代詞,，很值得英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者掌握,。下面從詞性功能的角度，簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納一下這一萬(wàn)能代詞的主要用法,。

一,、疑問(wèn)代詞WHAT

在在英語(yǔ)提問(wèn)中,，疑問(wèn)代詞what有很多用法。它在句子中可作主語(yǔ),、賓語(yǔ),、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等,；它既可以問(wèn)“身份,、名字、性質(zhì),、類別”,，也可以問(wèn)“目的、數(shù)量,、價(jià)值,、效果”等。疑問(wèn)代詞what相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)“什么”或“怎么樣”的意思,，其主要用法如下：

1．問(wèn)人或事物的特點(diǎn),。例如：

What is he like? [他人怎么樣啊,？]

What kind of suit did she buy in town? [她在城里買的是怎樣的服裝,？]

2．問(wèn)有關(guān)事物的數(shù)量。例如：

What do you weigh? [你體重多少,？]

What did you pay for the dictionary? [這本詞典你花了多少錢,？]

3．問(wèn)人的職業(yè)（工作性質(zhì)）或事物的性質(zhì)（特點(diǎn)）。例如：

What is your father? [你父親是干什么的,？]

What is an engineer? [工程師是干什么的,？]

What is the weather like in Beijing? [北京的天氣如何？]

4．問(wèn)事物的內(nèi)容,。例如：

What is the latest news? [有什么最新的消息嗎,？]

What would you like to buy? [你想要買點(diǎn)什么東西？]

What is artificial intelligence? [什么叫做人工智能,？]

5．對(duì)一些抽象名詞提問(wèn),。例如：

What's your phone number? [你的電話號(hào)碼是多少？]

What's the price of the book? [這本書的價(jià)錢是多少,？]

6．對(duì)時(shí)間的提問(wèn),。例如：

What time is it? （= What's the time?）[現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？]

What's the date today? [今天幾號(hào),？]

What day is today? （= What day is it today?）[今天星期幾,？]

What month is it? [現(xiàn)在是幾月份？]

What comes after spring? [春季之后是哪個(gè)季節(jié),？]

7．問(wèn)姓名,、排號(hào),、尺寸、顏色等,。例如：

What is your name? [你叫什么名字,？]

What number are you? [你是幾號(hào)呢？]

What size shoes do you take? [你穿幾號(hào)的鞋,？]

What color is your coat? [你的上衣是什么顏色,？]

8．詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的看法。例如：

What do you think of game shows? [你認(rèn)為游戲節(jié)目怎么樣,？]

What about something to drink? [來(lái)點(diǎn)喝的怎么樣,？]

奔跑的理想

二、關(guān)系代詞WHAT

關(guān)系代詞WHAT也有很多用法,。它可引起主語(yǔ)從句,、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句等,；它沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)的含義,相當(dāng)于that,、which、the thing(s) that(which),或the…that(which),從句表示的是事物,。關(guān)系代詞WHAT在不同情況下有不同意思,，其主要用法如下：

1．主語(yǔ)從句。例如：

What is beautiful is not always good. [美的東西并不總是好的,。]

What happened after that was interesting. [后來(lái)發(fā)生的事挺有意思,。]

值得一提的是，當(dāng)what引起主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)的形式比較復(fù)雜,。中國(guó)著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家周海中先生在1985年發(fā)表的《關(guān)于what-分句作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題》一文中,，對(duì)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)的形式做了深入探究。其中,，周先生指出：當(dāng)主句的表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞V-ing和從句時(shí),，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式,。他提供了以下的實(shí)例：

What he is suited for is to be loved. (J. Bayley: Shakespeare and Tragedy)

What we're doing is getting a chap used to getting up, going to work, learning how to behave in a workshop. (New Statesman, 15 June 1984)

What it comes down to is that the big cars are considered better buys. (U. S. News & World Report, January 18, 1982)

2．賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：

I could hardly believe what he had told me. [我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信他所告訴我的,。]

His mother gives him what he asks for. [他要什么他母親就給他什么,。]

3．表語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Books are what we need most. [書是我們最需要的東西,。]

He is not what he was five years ago. [他不再是五年前的他了,。]

（作者為英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)訪問(wèn)學(xué)者 林娜）（騰訊教育）