英語萬能代詞WHAT的主要用法你知道多少,？

奔跑的理想

英語中，WHAT作代詞時,，它不僅含義豐富,，而且其用法廣泛。毫無疑問,，WHAT是一個萬能代詞,，很值得英語學(xué)習(xí)者掌握。下面從詞性功能的角度,，簡要歸納一下這一萬能代詞的主要用法,。

一、疑問代詞WHAT

在在英語提問中,，疑問代詞what有很多用法,。它在句子中可作主語、賓語,、表語,、定語等；它既可以問“身份,、名字,、性質(zhì)、類別”,，也可以問“目的,、數(shù)量、價值,、效果”等,。疑問代詞what相當(dāng)于漢語“什么”或“怎么樣”的意思，其主要用法如下：

1．問人或事物的特點,。例如：

What is he like? [他人怎么樣�,。縘

What kind of suit did she buy in town? [她在城里買的是怎樣的服裝,？]

2．問有關(guān)事物的數(shù)量,。例如：

What do you weigh? [你體重多少？]

What did you pay for the dictionary? [這本詞典你花了多少錢？]

3．問人的職業(yè)（工作性質(zhì)）或事物的性質(zhì)（特點）,。例如：

What is your father? [你父親是干什么的,？]

What is an engineer? [工程師是干什么的？]

What is the weather like in Beijing? [北京的天氣如何,？]

4．問事物的內(nèi)容,。例如：

What is the latest news? [有什么最新的消息嗎？]

What would you like to buy? [你想要買點什么東西,？]

What is artificial intelligence? [什么叫做人工智能,？]

5．對一些抽象名詞提問。例如：

What's your phone number? [你的電話號碼是多少,？]

What's the price of the book? [這本書的價錢是多少,？]

6．對時間的提問,。例如：

What time is it? （= What's the time?）[現(xiàn)在幾點了,？]

What's the date today? [今天幾號？]

What day is today? （= What day is it today?）[今天星期幾,？]

What month is it? [現(xiàn)在是幾月份,？]

What comes after spring? [春季之后是哪個季節(jié)？]

7．問姓名,、排號,、尺寸、顏色等,。例如：

What is your name? [你叫什么名字,？]

What number are you? [你是幾號呢？]

What size shoes do you take? [你穿幾號的鞋,？]

What color is your coat? [你的上衣是什么顏色,？]

8．詢問對方的看法。例如：

What do you think of game shows? [你認為游戲節(jié)目怎么樣,？]

What about something to drink? [來點喝的怎么樣,？]

奔跑的理想

二、關(guān)系代詞WHAT

關(guān)系代詞WHAT也有很多用法,。它可引起主語從句,、賓語從句、表語從句等,；它沒有疑問的含義,相當(dāng)于that,、which、the thing(s) that(which),或the…that(which),從句表示的是事物,。關(guān)系代詞WHAT在不同情況下有不同意思,，其主要用法如下：

1．主語從句。例如：

What is beautiful is not always good. [美的東西并不總是好的。]

What happened after that was interesting. [后來發(fā)生的事挺有意思,。]

值得一提的是,，當(dāng)what引起主語從句時,主句謂語動詞數(shù)的形式比較復(fù)雜。中國著名語言學(xué)家周海中先生在1985年發(fā)表的《關(guān)于what-分句作主語的主謂一致問題》一文中,，對主句謂語動詞數(shù)的形式做了深入探究,。其中，周先生指出：當(dāng)主句的表語是動詞不定式,、動詞V-ing和從句時,，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。他提供了以下的實例：

What he is suited for is to be loved. (J. Bayley: Shakespeare and Tragedy)

What we're doing is getting a chap used to getting up, going to work, learning how to behave in a workshop. (New Statesman, 15 June 1984)

What it comes down to is that the big cars are considered better buys. (U. S. News & World Report, January 18, 1982)

2．賓語從句,。例如：

I could hardly believe what he had told me. [我簡直不敢相信他所告訴我的,。]

His mother gives him what he asks for. [他要什么他母親就給他什么。]

3．表語從句,。例如：

Books are what we need most. [書是我們最需要的東西,。]

He is not what he was five years ago. [他不再是五年前的他了。]

（作者為英國牛津大學(xué)訪問學(xué)者 林娜）（騰訊教育）